During the second period of expansion, from 264 to 146 B.C, Rome and Carthage fought three wars. Through these wars, Rome gained control of North Africa, Spain, and the island of Sicily. Roman armies also conquered Macedonia and Greece.
North Africa
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North Africa was acquired in 146 bc after the destruction of Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War. Initially, the province comprised the territory that had been subject to Carthage in 149 bc; this was an area of about 5,000 square miles, divided from the kingdom of Numidia in the west by a ditch.
Spain
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Cadiz became Roman in 200 BC. The Romans remained for 700 years. Rome divided Spain into two. Hispania Citerior was to them Nearer Spain (the East) and Hispania Ulterior (Further Spain) the South and West. Scipio's army constructed two camps separated by a wall around the city. He dammed the nearby swamp to create a lake between the city walls and his own. From ten feet off the ground, his archers could shoot into Numantia from seven towers interspersed along the wall. He also built an outer wall to protect his camps (eventually five in total) from any relief forces.
Island if Sicily
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The Siege of Syracuse by the Roman Republic took place in 214–212 BC, Sicily, which was wrested from Carthaginian control during the First Punic War (264–241 BC), was the first province of the Roman Republic not directly part of Italy.The city was fiercely defended for many months against all the measures the Romans could bring to bear. Realizing how difficult the siege would be, the Romans brought their own unique devices and inventions to aid their assault. These included the sambuca, a floating siege tower with grappling hooks, as well as ship-mounted scaling ladders that were lowered with pulleys onto the city walls.